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\u5f90\u6709\u4e3a\uff1a\u4ece\u5b89\u5fbd\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u4f55\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u738b\u7389\u948a\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u59d4\u515a\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u5386\u53f2\u5927\u4e8b\u8bb0\uff081949-1999\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u6caa\u3001\u6caa\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u5efa\u8bbe\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u7696\u5357\u6839\u636e\u5730\u90e8\u540e\u65b9\u5efa\u8bbe\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u3002 1976\u5e743\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u59d4\u540c\u610f\u4e0a\u6d77\u7696\u5357\u6839\u636e\u5730\u5728\u5c6f\u6eaa\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e2d\u7ea7\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u4ee3\u884c\u5730\u5e02\u53f8\u6cd5\u6743\u3002 \u4e1a\u52a1\u53d7\u4e0a\u6d77\u3001\u5b89\u5fbd\u9ad8\u9662\u53cc\u91cd\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\u5927\u540e\u65b9\u3002 \u5c40\u515a\u59d4\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u3001\u5e72\u8b66\u914d\u5907\u3001\u7269\u8d44\u88c5\u5907\u7b49\u5747\u7531\u57fa\u5730\u515a\u59d4\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002 1979\u5e743\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u59d4\u6279\u51c6\u64a4\u9500\u7696\u5357\u57fa\u5730\u4e2d\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4fdd\u536b\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u6709\u4e3a\uff1a\u8bf7\u60a8\u8c08\u8c08\u4e0a\u6d77\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5b89\u5fbd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u738b\u7389\u948a\uff1a1985\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u5e02\u957f\u6c6a\u9053\u6db5\u7387\u56e2\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b89\u5fbd\u3002 \u6c6a\u9053\u6db5\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\u6ec1\u5dde\u5609\u5584\uff08\u4eca\u660e\u5149\u5e02\uff09\u4eba\u3002 \u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5fb7\u9ad8\u671b\u91cd\u7684\u8001\u540c\u5fd7\u3002 \u53d7\u5230\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u63a5\u5f85\u3002 \u7ecf\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c1\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u6caa\u7696\u7701\u52a0\u5f3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u6280\u672f\u4f1a\u8c08\u300b\u3002 \u4e0a\u6d77\u201c\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u201d\u7696\u5357\u8c03\u6574\u4ea4\u63a5\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f90\u6709\u4e3a\uff1a\u4f1a\u8bae\u7eaa\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u738b\u7389\u948a\uff1a\u201c\u6caa\u7696\u52a0\u5f3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u6280\u672f\u4f1a\u8c08\u201d\u8fbe\u6210\u610f\u5411\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u6709\u610f\u4e0e\u5b89\u5fbd\u5408\u4f5c\u5f00\u53d1\u7164\u70ad\u8d44\u6e90\uff1b \u4e0a\u6d77\u5c06\u51fa\u8d44\u4e0e\u5b89\u5fbd\u5171\u5efa\u94dc\u9675\u4f1e\u5f62\u6c34\u6ce5\u5382\uff0c\u5efa\u6210\u540e\u4f9b\u5e94\u4e0a\u6d77\u90e8\u5206\u6c34\u6ce5\u719f\u6599\uff1b \u6309\u7167\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u59d4\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u3001\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u3001\u5316\u5de5\u90e8\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u3001\u4e00\u3001\u4e00\u201d\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5206\u6210\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8ffd\u52a0\u6295\u8d44\u65b0\u6865\u786b\u94c1\u77ff\u897f\u7ffc\u9879\u76ee\uff1b \u9152\u5e97\u3001\u6539\u5584\u4ea4\u901a\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u7b49\uff1b \u53cc\u65b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e94\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u3001\u591a\u6e20\u9053\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5f3a\u7eba\u7ec7\u3001\u8f7b\u5de5\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5408\u4f5c\uff1b \u6caa\u5357\u7696\u5357\u201c\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u201d\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ca\u914d\u5957\uff0c\u4e24\u7701\u5e02\u5c06\u6309\u7167\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u201c\u8c03\u6574\u3001\u6539\u9020\u3001\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e13\u9879\u534f\u5546\u5e76\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f90\u6709\u4e3a\uff1a\u90a3\u4e48\u300a\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u738b\u7389\u948a\uff1a1\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u201c\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u201d\u7696\u5357\u5730\u533a\u8c03\u6574\u4ea4\u63a5\u534f\u8bae\u300b\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u3002 \u300a\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u5c06\u7696\u5357\u201c\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u201d80\u5bb6\u4f01\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8d44\u4ea7\u65e0\u507f\u5212\u8f6c\u5b89\u5fbd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f90\u6709\u4e3a\uff1a\u4f60\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8d44\u4ea7\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u738b\u7389\u948a\uff1a\u5b89\u5fbd\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u51c0\u503c3.7\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d17887\u4e07\u5143\u3002 \u613f\u610f\u56de\u6caa\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u6caa\uff0c\u4e0d\u60f3\u56de\u6caa\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u4e0b\u3002 \u613f\u610f\u7559\u5728\u5b89\u5fbd\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u67091469\u4eba\u3002 \u6309\u7167\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u5730\u6539\u9020\u5229\u7528\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u7696\u5357\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u5de5\u5382\u5168\u90e8\u7531\u519b\u5de5\u5c31\u5730\u6539\u5236\u4e3a\u6c11\u4f01\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f90\u6709\u4e3a\uff1a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u6279\u51c6\u7684\uff1f \u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u738b\u7389\u948a\uff1a4\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u6279\u590d\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u6caa\u5357\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf80\u5bb6\u4f01\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5de5\u5382\u7531\u4e0a\u6d77\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3\u5b89\u5fbd\u3002 \u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\uff0c\u7531\u7701\u7ecf\u59d4\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u9646\u5ef7\u667a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5230\u5404\u5382\u529e\u7406\u624b\u7eed\u3002 \u5f53\u65f6\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5382\u7531\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7ba1\uff0c\u5c31\u5730\u7531\u519b\u5de5\u8f6c\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f90\u6709\u4e3a\uff1a\u519b\u4eba\u90fd\u8f6c\u6c11\u4e86\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u738b\u7389\u948a\uff1a\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u7696\u5357\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6539\u5236\u6c11\u54c1\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b89\u5fbd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f90\u6709\u4e3a\uff1a\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u8c22\u60a8\u63a5\u53d7\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\u3002 \u3016\u8d85\u8fc7\u3017<\/p>\n

\u4e13\u8bbf\u6731\u56fd\u52c7<\/p>\n

\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\uff1a\u6731\u56fd\u52c7\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u4e0a\u6d77\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u4e00\u53f7\u515a\u529e\u3001\u5382\u529e\u4e66\u8bb0\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u7ebf\u5de5\u4f5c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4efb\u201c305\u201d\u96f7\u8fbe\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7ec4\u957f\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e95\u5188\u5c71\u673a\u68b0\u5382\u751f\u4ea7\u7ec4\uff0c\u540e\u65b9\u57fa\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u79d1\u6280\u5904\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u540e\u65b9\u57fa\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u529e\u516c\u5385\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91c7\u8bbf\u8005\uff1a\u5f90\u6709\u4e3a\u3001\u5434\u4eac<\/p>\n

\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\uff1a\u5f90\u6709\u4e3a\u3001\u674e\u5a77<\/p>\n

\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2011\u5e742\u670828\u65e5<\/p>\n

\u91c7\u8bbf\u5730\u70b9\uff1a\u6731\u56fd\u52c7\u5bb6<\/p>\n

\u5f90\u6709\u4e3a\uff1a\u4f60\u4e0a\u4e09\u7ebf\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6731\u56fd\u52c7\uff1a\u62111958\u5e74\u5728\u4e0a\u6b66\u516b\u5382\u5de5\u4f5c\u30021960\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u7ecf\u4e2d\u5171\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u59d4\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u5f00\u529e\u5de5\u4eba\u73ed\uff0c\u62db\u6536\u5728\u4e00\u7ebf\u8868\u73b0\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u5de5\u4eba\u751f\u4ea7\u5c97\u4f4d\u5b66\u4e60\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u3002 \u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u533a\u5148\u8fdb\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\uff0c1958\u5e74\u4e0a\u6d77\u9752\u5e74\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u804c\u5de5\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u5217\u5e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6211\u4e0a\u5927\u5b66\u3002 1960\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u515a\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u548c\u73ed\u7ea7\u7684\u5631\u6258\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u5e78\u4ee5\u5de5\u4eba\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6b65\u5165\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6bbf\u5802\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u79d1\u6280\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/p>\n

1965\u5e74\u4e0b\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u6587\u9769\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u505c\u8bfe\u3002 1967\u5e7411\u6708\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u5e02\u9769\u59d4\u6709\u5173\u9886\u5bfc\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u6821\u8f6c\u6821\u751f\u5c3d\u5feb\u56de\u5382\u201c\u6293\u9769\u547d\u4fc3\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u3002 \u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8f6c\u5b66\u751f\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u5de5\u5382\u3002 \u5411\u5c40\u91cc\u62a5\u5230\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u53bb\u4e0a\u4e4c\u5c14\u5382\u3002<\/p>\n

1968\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u53ec\u5f00\u201c\u516b\u6708\u5341\u4e94\u201d\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002 \u672c\u7740\u201c\u5907\u6218\u3001\u5907\u8352\u3001\u4e3a\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u8bd5\u5236\u201c305\u201d\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u7531\u5c1a\u6b66\u4e8c\u5382\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u6b64\u6b21\u8bd5\u5236\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 \u4e3a\u52a0\u5feb\u8be5\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8bd5\u5236\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u5357\u4eac\u70ae\u5175\u5b66\u9662\u4e5f\u6d3e\u6559\u5e08\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u8be5\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8bd5\u5236\u3002 \u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u4ea7\u54c1\u8bd5\u5236\u7ec4\u7ec4\u957f\u3002 \u7ecf\u8fc7\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u65e5\u591c\u594b\u6218\u548c\u53cd\u590d\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e8e1970\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6837\u673a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bd5\u5236\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u6307\u5b9a\u751f\u4ea7\u88c5\u5907\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002 1971\u5e7412\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u6211\u5e26\u7740\u8be5\u4ea7\u54c1\u5230\u4e0a\u6b66\u4e8c\u5382\u627f\u5305\u5efa\u5382\u2014\u2014\u4e95\u5188\u5c71\u673a\u5668\u5382\u3002 \u5f53\u65f6\u4ea4\u901a\u4e0d\u4fbf\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u8fbe\u5b89\u5fbd\u666f\u5fb7\u53bf\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002 \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e58\u706b\u8f66\u7ecf\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u6b21\u65e5\u62b5\u8fbe\u829c\u6e56\uff0c\u518d\u4e58\u957f\u9014\u6c7d\u8f66\u524d\u5f80\u666f\u5fb7\u53bf\u57ce\u3002 \u4ece\u53bf\u57ce\u5230\u4e95\u5188\u5c71\u5382\u533a\u670930\u591a\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u5c71\u8def\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u73ed\u8f66\u5230\u5382\u533a\u3002 \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u56db\u5de5\u533a\uff08\u540e\u65b9\u57fa\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u4e00\u7535\u516c\u53f8\u524d\u8eab\uff09\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u6253\u6765\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u5382\u91cc\u6d3e\u8f66\u6765\u63a5\u6211\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u4e00\u8f86\u5927\u5361\u8f66\u63a5\u8d70\u4e86\u3002 \u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u5c71\u6ce5\u8def\uff0c\u8f66\u5b50\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65f6\u4f1a\u626c\u8d77\u7070\u5c18\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6f2b\u5c71\u904d\u91ce\u7684\u6d53\u96fe\u3002 \u5728\u57fa\u5c42\u4e09\u7ebf\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fd119\u5e74\uff0c1988\u5e744\u6708\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u6709\u4e3a\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e09\u7ebf\u5c0f\u524d\u7ebf\u7684\u8001\u540c\u5fd7\uff0c\u8bf7\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e09\u7ebf\u5c0f\u524d\u7ebf\u7684\u6982\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6731\u56fd\u52c7\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u5c0f\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u519b\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u59cb\u4e8e1965\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u53eb\u201c229\u201d\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u201c812\u201d\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u3002 \u4e0e\u201c507\u201d\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u540e\uff0c1973\u5e744\u6708\u6539\u79f0\u4e0a\u6d77\u5927\u540e\u65b9\u57fa\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff0c\u4f01\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d81\u5bb6\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u7696\u5357\u5c71\u533a12\u4e2a\u53bf\u548c\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u4e34\u5b89\u53bf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u5efa\u8bbe\u7531\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u5efa\u8bbe\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u7edf\u4e00\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u6709\u5173\u5de5\u4e1a\u5c40\u6839\u636e\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u603b\u4f53\u89c4\u5212\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u53e3\u627f\u5305\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u4e09\u7ebf\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u914d\u5957\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9009\u5740\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u9aa8\u5e72\u961f\u4f0d\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u597d\u4eba\u597d\u9a6c\u597d\u5200\u201d\u548c\u67aa\u201d\u3002 \u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u5efa\u8bbe\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u8fb9\u751f\u4ea7\u8fb9\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002 \u5728\u5b89\u5fbd\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u914d\u5408\u548c\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5e7f\u5927\u5e72\u90e8\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u62fc\u640f\uff0c\u523070\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u5df2\u521d\u5177\u89c4\u6a21\u3002 \u540e\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u5e74\u6280\u672f\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u827a\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u7a33\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002 \u4f01\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u5df2\u8fbe\u5230\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f90\u6709\u4e3a\uff1a\u4f60\u5bf9\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u5370\u8c61\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6731\u56fd\u52c7\uff1a\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d7\u6781\u5de6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u4f4d\u5927\u591a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8fdc\u79bb\u57ce\u9547\u7684\u5c71\u6c9f\u91cc\u3002 \u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5907\u6218\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002 \u867d\u7136\u9690\u853d\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5c71\u4e0a\u88ab\u5927\u96ea\u6321\u4f4f\uff0c\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u8fd0\u8f93\u5e26\u6765\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u66fe\u6570\u6b21\u9047\u5230\u5927\u96ea\u5c01\u5c71\u3002 \u5f88\u591a\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u7528\u54c1\u90fd\u8981\u4ece\u4e0a\u6d77\u7b49\u5730\u8fd0\u8fdb\u6765\u3002 \u867d\u7136\u6c7d\u8f66\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u88c5\u9632\u6ed1\u94fe\uff0c\u4f46\u96be\u5ea6\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u7684\u3002 \u4e0a\u6d77\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u975e\u5e38\u8270\u96be\u3002 \u4f4f\u7684\u662f\u5e72\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u6587\u5a31\u751f\u6d3b\u5f88\u65e0\u804a\uff08\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7535\u89c6\uff09\u3002 \u516c\u53f8\u653e\u6620\u7ec4\u6bcf\u6708\u8f6e\u6d41\u5230\u5382\u653e\u6620\u7535\u5f711-2\u6b21\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u6bcf\u5468\u4e3a\u5458\u5de5\u5bb6\u5c5e\u9001\u852c\u83dc1-2\u6b21\u3002 \u7a00\u6709\u7684\u3002 \u5458\u5de5\u57fa\u672c\u591a\u5e74\u4e0d\u56de\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u6625\u8282\u671f\u95f4\u56de\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e0e\u5bb6\u4eba\u56e2\u805a\u3002 \u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u5b89\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u62b1\u6028\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f90\u6709\u4e3a\uff1a\u90a3\u4f60\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u60c5\u51b5\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6731\u56fd\u52c7\uff1a\u6211\u5148\u53bb\u4e86\u4e95\u5188\u5c71\u673a\u68b0\u5382\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bd5\u5236\u201c305\u201d\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002 \u5728\u4e95\u5188\u5c71\u673a\u5668\u5382\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e24\u5e74\u591a\u540e\uff0c1973\u5e746\u6708\u8c03\u5165\u4e0a\u6d77\u540e\u65b9\u57fa\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u6b63\u89c4\u642c\u5382\u591a\u5c11\u94b1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708_\u94b1\u5e02\u80e1\u540c \u5730\u56fe_\u94b1\u5e02\u80e1\u540c\u7684\u7531\u6765<\/p>\n

\u5434\u4eac\uff1a\u8bf7\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u540e\u65b9\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u5730\u5c40\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6731\u56fd\u52c7\uff1a\u6587\u9769\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u540e\u65b9\u57fa\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u90e8\u5f53\u65f6\u53eb\u751f\u4ea7\u5927\u961f\u4e0a\u6d77\u642c\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u591a\u5c11\u4ef7\u683c\u624d\u80fd\u642c\uff0c\u5927\u961f\u3001\u5927\u961f\u90fd\u662f\u5927\u961f\u3002 \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u90e8\u3002 \u7c89\u788e\u201c\u56db\u4eba\u5e2e\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u7ef4\u65b0\u90e8\u3002 1984\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u9002\u5e94\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u57fa\u5efa\u3001\u7269\u8d44\u3001\u52b3\u8d44\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u7269\u6d41\u3002 \u540e\u52e4\u8d1f\u8d23\u6240\u6709\u7968\u52a1\u3001\u533b\u9662\u548c\u98df\u5802\u3002 \u6587\u9769\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u961f\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1a\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u3002 \u6211\u53bb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u5236\u4f5c\u7ec4\u3002 \u540e\u65b9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u751f\u8001\u75c5\u6b7b\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7ba1\u7406\u3002 \u9664\u751f\u4ea7\u4f01\u4e1a\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u3001\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u533b\u9662\u3001\u9632\u75ab\u7ad9\u3001\u201c\u4e94\u4e03\u201d\u5e72\u90e8\u5b66\u6821\u7b49\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5434\u9759\uff1a\u5c40\u79d1\u6280\u5904\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n

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\u5f90\u6709\u4e3a\uff1a\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u540e\u671f\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\uff1f \u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6731\u56fd\u52c7\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u5efa\u7b51\u7696\u5357\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u4f01\u4e1a\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u3002 20\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5e7f\u5927\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u804c\u5de5\u7684\u8270\u82e6\u594b\u6597\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9632\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e30\u7855\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002 \u4f01\u4e1a\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u7684\u4e8f\u635f\u5230\u9010\u5e74\u652f\u4ed8\u5229\u6da6\u3002 \u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u539f\u56e0\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u6b63\u89c4\u642c\u5382\u591a\u5c11\u94b1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4eba\u5458\u53d8\u52a8\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u7545\u3001\u519b\u54c1\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u6c11\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u3001\u9500\u552e\u96be\u7b49\u8bf8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

1984\u5e74\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u9886\u5bfc\u5173\u4e8e\u632f\u5174\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u5168\u56fd\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8bae\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u8c03\u6574\u3001\u8f6c\u578b\u3001\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u9488\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u59d4\u3001\u5e02\u59d4\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u8c03\u6574\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u3002 . 1985\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u526f\u5e02\u957f\u6731\u5b97\u4fdd\u548c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u3002 \u4e0e\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u526f\u7701\u957f\u90b5\u660e\u53ca\u7701\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u540c\u5fd7\u5728\u5408\u80a5\u5c31\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u8c03\u6574\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3002 \u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u7279\u6b8a\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u6a2a\u5411\u8054\u52a8\uff0c\u4eba\u5c3d\u5176\u624d\uff0c\u4eba\u5c3d\u5176\u624d\uff0c\u4eba\u5c3d\u5176\u624d\uff0c\u4ea7\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u3002 \u4e0a\u6d77\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u613f\u610f\u5728\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u65e0\u507f\u5c06\u4e0a\u6d77\u5728\u7696\u5357\u7684\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u4f01\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3\u5b89\u5fbd\u3002 \u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff0885\uff09\u56fd\u529e\u51fd\u6279\u590d\u4e0a\u6d77\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u7696\u5357\u5730\u533a\u8c03\u6574\u79fb\u4ea4\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u6d77\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u4ea4\u63a5\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u7e41\u6742\u800c\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u6293\u597d\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u3002 \u8981\u6309\u653f\u7b56\u505a\u597d\u8fd4\u6caa\u8fd4\u6e7e\u4eba\u5458\u5b89\u7f6e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7a33\u59a5\u5904\u7f6e\u3002 \u4e24\u5730\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u9519\u3002 \u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u8c03\u6574\u4ea4\u63a5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u4eba\u5458\u5b89\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u94b1\u548c\u7269\u662f\u201c\u6b7b\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u662f\u6d3b\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u5b89\u5b9a\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002 \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u8c03\u67e5\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u5728\u4e24\u7701\u5e02\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u65bd\u7ec6\u5219\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4f01\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5206\u6279\u3001\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u63a5\u3002 \u5728\u4ea4\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6caa\u7696\u53cc\u65b9\u672c\u7740\u4e92\u8c05\u4e92\u8ba9\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u987e\u5168\u5927\u5c40\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u5927\u5c40\u3001\u7edf\u4e00\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u534f\u5546\u3002 \u5386\u7ecf5\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u8c03\u6574\u4ea4\u63a5\u5de5\u4f5c\u57fa\u672c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002 \u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u4e5f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u4f7f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6765\u56de\u987e\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e0a\u6d77\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002 \u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u56fd\u5185\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5730\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f90\u6709\u4e3a\uff1a\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u8c22\u60a8\u63a5\u53d7\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\u3002 \u3010\u8d85\u8fc7\u3011<\/p>\n

\u9646\u5efa\u660c\u4e13\u8bbf<\/p>\n

\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\uff1a\u539f\u4e0a\u6d77\u540e\u65b9\u57fa\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u540e\u65b9\u745e\u91d1\u533b\u9662\u653f\u5de5\u79d1\u79d1\u5458\uff0c\u73b0\u4e0a\u6d77\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91c7\u8bbf\u4eba\uff1a\u5434\u4eac\u3001\u9646\u660a\u8f69<\/p>\n

\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2010\u5e743\u670829\u65e5<\/p>\n

\u9762\u8bd5\u5730\u70b9\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u5927\u5b66\u827a\u672f\u5b66\u9662A\u5ea7618\u5ba4\u3002<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u4e0a\u5b89\u5fbd\u5c0f\u5b66\u524d\u57f9\u8bad<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002 1970\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c67\u300168\u300169\u73ed\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u5168\u7ea2\u201d\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u4e0a\u5c71\u4e0b\u4e61\u3002 \u636e\u8bf4\u5468\u6069\u6765\u540e\u6765\u8bf4\u8bfb\u4e66\u8981\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u95f4\u65ad\u3002 \u5927\u5b66\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u77e5\u8bc6\u9e3f\u6c9f\u3002 \u4e8e\u662f\u57281970\u5e74\u4e0a\u6d77\u642c\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ef7\u683c\u8868\uff0c\u539f\u5b9a\u7684\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u5168\u90e8\u52a1\u519c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u88ab\u653e\u5bbd\u4e86\u3002 \u5927\u5b66\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5f00\u59cb\u62db\u6536\u5de5\u519c\u5175\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e2d\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5982\u6280\u6821\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u7b49\u3002 When this method was implemented, it happened to be our turn to graduate. When I was assigned, I could go to farms in the suburbs according to my conditions. At that time, there was a policy of "one worker, one farmer", that is, one "hard market worker" and one "worker". foreign farmers". One of my family has jumped in the queue and settled down outside, and the other is working in Shanghai, so I have the conditions to go to a farm owned by the city, or to work as a "foreign worker" (that is, to work in an industrial and mining enterprise in another place). If there is no "one farmer" in the family, it must have gone to a rural area or a farm in another place, or jumped in the line to settle down. Many people in our class just went to other places to jump in the queue and settle down. For conditions like mine, there is another assignment called "no-destination training", which only began to appear in 1972. Those students who are designated as "no destination training" have not decided where to go after graduating from middle school, but they must be assigned to other places, but they are first arranged in a certain unit in Shanghai (such as factories, enterprises or hotels) Classes, etc.) to be apprentices, for training, and after two years, they will be assigned to industrial and mining enterprises or other units in other places. A considerable number of graduates from the "no destination training" were assigned to Meishan-Nanjing Meishan Project, and some were assigned to Tongling, Anhui Province or other places farther away. Our hospital also had some "no destination training" graduates who were assigned. They are arranged in the logistics department, such as technical team, fleet, canteen, etc. Most of them are asked to do corresponding work based on the skills and knowledge they learned during the training in Shanghai.<\/p>\n

I was good at studying in middle school, and the head teacher wanted me to continue studying. At that time, there were two ways to continue studying, one was a technical school, and the other was a health school. I thought that boys were all going to a technical school, so I guess they would be assigned to the factory to study in a technical school. When the notice came, they went directly to Ruijin Hospital in the rear. Worked and was surprised. When a group of us (all graduated in 1972) reported to the Ruijin Hospital in the rear, the hospital planned to conduct medical training for us. Our boys study medicine in two ways, one is oral medicine and the other is pharmacy; all girls study nursing. We didn't have the right to choose, it was all assigned by the teacher, and I was assigned to learn medicine. At that time, the conditions for pharmacy training at the Ruijin Hospital in the rear were relatively poor. After we arrived there, the hospital sent us to the Shanghai Second Medical University to take a basic course in pharmacy for one year. In the first year, we took classes with students from the Second Medical University of David. At that time, Qian Yi, a teacher from Ruijin Pharmacy Department, and several other teachers from the Second Medical University (some of them were already associate professors) gave us lectures, and the classes were very good. The full name of the Second Medical School is "Shanghai Second Medical College Affiliated Health School", which is located in the current Xinhua Hospital. At that time, during the Cultural Revolution, it was merged with the Jiading District Health School, which was located in Malu Commune. After one year of basic theoretical study, we went back to Ruijin Hospital for an internship. We have learned a lot of chemistry in pharmacy major, especially organic chemistry. When we were studying, we were all determined to make anti-cancer drugs in the future. Later, we went back to the hospital to see how to make anti-cancer drugs under such conditions. Ah, I was discouraged.<\/p>\n

2. Specific work in the primary third line<\/p>\n

After I arrived at the hospital, I first worked in the pharmacy department. The pharmacy department has several departments including outpatient pharmacy, ward pharmacy, sterile preparation room and general preparation room (we are used to calling it "pharmaceutical factory"). I have worked in various positions in the pharmacy department, such as dispensing medicines for patients in the outpatient pharmacy, Go to the drug storehouse to purchase goods, reconcile accounts, etc. Some medicines used in the hospital are manufactured by our own pharmaceutical factory and are internal preparations. For example, we can make some ready-made Chinese patent medicines, the beverages we drink now, and some ointments by ourselves. The conditions of the pharmaceutical factory are very good; the pharmacy in the ward is only limited to dispensing medicines for inpatients. Take over, the doctor will make rounds after 8:30, and the nurse will prescribe all the doctor's orders before 10:00, and then send the prescription list to the pharmacy of our ward, and we will dispense the medicine. Glucose saline is often used as a sterile preparation, because the demand for large infusions is huge, and it is impossible to transport them from Shanghai, so they must be produced by themselves. Now it's completely corporate in nature, and it can be sold if it's done. But at that time, there was no economic awareness in this area. Everyone lived in a big pot. Your salary is 36 yuan, and I am also 36 yuan. I didn't think of this. There is no such condition.<\/p>\n

At the end of 1974, another colleague who worked in the pharmacy department (he was my middle school alumnus and came to Ruijin in the rear with me) was transferred from the hospital pharmacy department to the hospital political engineering department. Because the hospital needs to develop and lacks personnel, we are transferred here and counted as training objects. The Politics and Engineering Department is divided into two groups, Organization and Propaganda, just like the Organization Department and Propaganda Department of the current Party Committee. However, in addition to cadre training and assessment work, the organization team also takes care of the work of the personnel department of the unit (labor wages and personnel affairs); the propaganda team is mainly responsible for political studies and general propaganda work. During the Cultural Revolution period, political study tasks were many and heavy. Political study was done twice a week, and there was also "reading every day". Tasks were assigned every day, such as finding articles and writing articles, etc. One is to study according to the instructions above, and the other is to use your brain to figure out how to organize everyone to study.<\/p>\n

The leaders of the Politics and Engineering Department are two veteran cadres who participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, a section chief, a deputy section chief, and 4 others. One of them is a lecturer transferred from Shandong University. He has good eloquence and writing skills. It was he who wrote it, the other was me and 3 other young people.<\/p>\n

At that time, in order not to be separated from the masses, it was stipulated that our cadres should go out to work every Thursday. My work in the hospital, such as planting watermelons, going out to pick herbs, etc., gardening, digging and building fish ponds. There is an old master in the traditional Chinese pharmacy of our pharmacy department. He knows that there are more golden cherry seeds and Capsicum chinensis in Anhui (the syrup of capsicum chinensis can relieve jaundice for jaundice hepatitis), and he can pick them. He compares all the herbs in this place in Anhui. Received, so we will go to pick herbs basically every week. Since the leaders of our political and engineering department also went, the first leader of the institute, Lao Cui, and the second leader, Zhang Guifang, all went together, so the conditions were relatively good. First, we went to the driving class to book a car, and had dinner outside at noon. In summer, we are surrounded by rice fields and villages, and we help the Xionglu brigade in the nearby countryside to harvest. It should be said that the relationship with the local area is very good. The local area knows that your hospital is a big family, so they are more polite to you. This is a bit like military-civilian relations. Because basically we give it to him, they don't have to pay for us, they create conditions for us, very kind.<\/p>\n

According to Chairman Mao's "June 26" instructions, we organize a medical team to go to the nearby villages every year. In fact, it is very simple, that is, the major departments of internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, and pediatrics select some doctors to go to the local towns and villages for medical tours. In fact, this method is not bad. When people see that you are a great doctor in the city, they will let you see many problems, and these medical treatments are actually free. They will give you some medicines without money. The money for the medicine was taken out of the hospital, because at that time the hospital's finances were all paid by the state, and whatever was needed was allocated from above. So Ruijin Hospital was in a financial "deficit" at that time, and often needed to collect money, which we jokingly called "debt collection". Every year when the Spring Festival is approaching, our hospital will organize a group of people to go to the nearby villages, the farthest is to Tunxi. Because our hospital also serves local patients, local patients do not need a deposit when they come to see a doctor, and we will see a doctor when they come. If you are hospitalized, there are a lot of expenses in the ward, and if you can't pay the money, you owe it. It is reasonable to say that you cannot be discharged from the hospital if you have not paid all the money, because you will have to go through the discharge procedures at the end (just like our graduates leaving school, you need to be stamped by various departments), and you cannot be stamped if you have not paid the fee in full. You can't get out of the hospital gate. But the hospital didn't let them go out, so they ran away secretly. These patients didn't even want the backpacks they brought with them, and just sneaked away. But the patient's name and address are there when registering. We search based on this, and we can usually find them, but the patients can't afford it, and they are very poor.<\/p>\n

At that time, in addition to sending logistics staff to collect debts, the hospital would also recruit some medical staff and administrative staff. I also went to collect debts at that time. I was already working in administration and I remember going there with my colleagues who worked in the small shop at the hospital. We went to Shexian County to collect debts from a patient in depth. The traffic in that place is not very convenient. The goods are transported in and out by boats, but the things are very cheap. Some people say that the Peach Blossom Spring described by Tao Yuanming is that place, but of course this is just a legend. Anyway, traffic inconvenience is real. After the patient was hospitalized, although his condition was under control, the patient fled back. After returning, the patient eventually died. He owed a lot of money at that time. At that time, there were often such situations, so you go to the patient who escaped due to arrears, and ask if so-and-so is there? \u4ed6\u8bf4\u662f\u7684\u3002 Have you ever been hospitalized? he said yes. How much does he owe? He also admitted it, but he still hasn't come out yet. We also went to the commune first, and the people from the commune accompanied us down. This is very formal. We send a letter of introduction to the commune, explaining who to look for and how much money we owe. One year I remember going with a secretary from the commune. We drove to the commune, and then walked to the village together. After finding his home, he was found to be extremely poor. It can be said that there is really no furniture in his house, just a broken bed and a broken stove, and the walls of the house are bare. We stipulated at that time: If you go outside, the subsidy given to you in the hospital is very small. You can go eat that meal of the locals. He couldn't give us anything to eat, so he drank a few mouthfuls of thin porridge and ate some pickles.<\/p>\n

He is so poor, we are all embarrassed to drink a few mouthfuls of porridge, so we follow him hungry. I was very impressed with this person, so I told the person next to me, forget it, because I will definitely not be able to get it. It's useless to stay with him any longer, and it's useless to sleep with him all night. He was very polite and said that he really didn't pay. We reported all these situations to the hospital after we came back, and the hospital had no choice but to apply to the higher authorities to write off a sum of arrears every year, just like a bank with bad debts. Our hospital has to write off a lot of bad debts every year, which is this kind of arrears. This kind of arrears was still paid by the state, because the hospitals at that time were fully funded by the state.<\/p>\n

At that time, we stipulated that it was also open to people from third-tier factories. How did people from third-tier factories come to see a doctor? They all park their cars once a week, because their factory also has its own infirmary, just like the school hospital, where minor ailments can be treated, except for emergencies, when he specially sends a car over. Because there is still a long distance between factories and between units. Two hours is close, and the winding mountain road is easy to drive around. If it is an emergency, seek medical attention immediately. I don't talk about paying first and not paying, because there are no big problems in the factory anyway. They are all labor insurance, and he will not renege on his debts.<\/p>\n

Although the original intention of our rear hospital construction is to serve the third-line factories, we also accept local patients, and some of the local patients often come from the city.\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533b\u9662\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u4e0a\u5f88\u5403\u9999\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u533b\u7597\u6c34\u5e73\u9ad8\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u53bf\u7ea7\u533b\u9662\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u6bd4\u4e0d\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u5730\u7ea7\u5e02\u9ec4\u5c71\u5e02\u7684\u533b\u9662\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u90fd\u7ecf\u5e38\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u533b\u9662\u6765\u770b\u75c5\u3002\u5e02\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u3001\u9769\u59d4\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\u751f\u75c5\u4e86\u90fd\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4f4f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u75c5\u623f\u3002\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u526f\u7701\u957f\u4e5f\u66fe\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u533b\u9662\u75c5\u623f\u4f4f\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u539f\u6765\u56db\u4eba\u5e2e\u7c89\u788e\u524d\u662f\u53d7\u6253\u538b\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u56db\u4eba\u5e2e\u7c89\u788e\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u89e3\u653e\u4e86\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u4e0a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u533b\u9662\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5f88\u5ba2\u6c14\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\u533b\u9662\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c31\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e48\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u8fb9\u4e1a\u4f59\u751f\u6d3b\u5f88\u5355\u8c03\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u5f53\u5730\u9886\u5bfc\u8bf4\u53eb\u6587\u5de5\u56e2\u6765\u6f14\u51fa\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4e8c\u70ae\u90e8\u961f\u6709\u4e2a\u6587\u5de5\u56e2\u9a7b\u624e\u5728\u5c6f\u6eaa\u5e02\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u6765\u6f14\u51fa\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u4e0a\u7684\u653e\u6620\u961f\u7ecf\u5e38\u6765\u533b\u9662\u653e\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u9664\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u653e\u6620\u961f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a\u201c\u4e09\u00b7\u4e8c\u4e00\u201d\u5730\u8d28\u961f\u9a7b\u5730\u5c6f\u6eaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u653e\u6620\u961f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u6765\u6211\u9662\u653e\u7535\u5f71\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u540e\u65b9\u57fa\u5730\u4e5f\u6709\u4e2a\u653e\u6620\u961f\uff0c\u5728\u4e09\u7ebf\u5382\u5de1\u56de\u653e\u6620\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u6765\u533b\u9662\u653e\u6620\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09.\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u65f6\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533b\u9662\u5458\u5de5\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u662f\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\uff0c\u8bb2\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4e0a\u6d77\u8bdd\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u62db\u5de5\u8fdb\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u540e\u52e4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5f53\u5de5\u52a1\u5458\uff0c\u5206\u53d1\u996d\u83dc\uff0c\u98df\u5802\u91cc\u9762\u505a\u526f\u624b\uff0c\u9001\u7164\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u6280\u672f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u533b\u9662\u91cc\u4e5f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u6765\u8bb2\u6211\u4eec\u90a3\u91cc\u4e5f\u7b49\u4e8e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u95ed\u5f0f\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u8db3\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u4e86\u94b1\u6ca1\u6709\u5730\u65b9\u82b1\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8001\u533b\u751f\u62ff\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u548c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u62ff\u7684\u662f\u4e09\u7ebf\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5de5\u8d44\u6709\u5730\u533a\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u56db\u7c7b\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516b\u7c7b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u62ff\u56db\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e8f\u5f85\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e24\u4e2a\u6298\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u641e\u4e00\u4e2a\u516d\u7c7b\uff0c\u516d\u7c7b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6863\u6b21\u7684\u8d77\u6b65\u5de5\u8d44\u5c31\u662f33\u5143\u3002\u6211\u5728\u90a3\u516b\u5e74\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u8fc7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u4e0d\u52a0\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\uff0c\u6587\u9769\u5f53\u4e2d\u7b49\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u8fc7\u5de5\u8d44\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u65f6\u4e1c\u897f\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u98df\u5802\u5403\u996d\uff0c\u4e00\u5757\u5927\u8089\uff0c\u4e00\u70b9\u9752\u83dc\uff0c\u4e00\u6bdb\u4e94\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5403\u7684\u633a\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u98df\u5802\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f00\u4e86\u8f66\u5b50\u5230\u5c6f\u6eaa\u53bb\u91c7\u8d2d\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u5403\u7684\u7528\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5230\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u5e02\u9547\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e70\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0f\u4e09\u7ebf\u5de5\u5382\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u519c\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u7cae\u98df\u4e5f\u5f88\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3002\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u7c73\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u7c73\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u73b0\u5728\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u6d77\u7c73\u5e97\u91cc\u5356\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u9648\u7c73\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7c73\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u9648\u7c73\u62ff\u51fa\u6765\u5356\u3002\u90a3\u91cc\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u7c73\uff0c\u5f88\u597d\u5403\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\u4e70\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u4e0a\u6d77\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6bd4\u7684\u3002\u4e0a\u6d77\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u662f\u5e97\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90a3\u8fb9\u7684\u5e97\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5e02\u9547\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e70\u4e1c\u897f\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u653e\u8f66\u5b50\u5f00\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8d70\u4e8c\u5341\u5206\u949f\u5230\u96c4\u9e7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f66\u7ad9\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5bb6\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u5e97\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u91cc\u5e97\u641e\u5f97\u591a\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4e70\u7684\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u91cc\u9762\u6d88\u8d39\u6c34\u5e73\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f00\u5f97\u5e97\u4e0d\u80fd\u591a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u7ee9\u6eaa\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u53bb\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4e09\u523b\u949f\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u5230\u53bf\u57ce\u91cc\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u70b9\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u6d77\u662f\u6ca1\u6cd5\u6bd4\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u5230\u6b59\u53bf\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u662f\u5fbd\u5dde\u5e9c\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u5230\u5c6f\u6eaa\uff0c\u5730\u59d4\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u53bf\u8fd8\u8981\u9ad8\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u98df\u5802\u540e\u52e4\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u653e\u8f66\u5230\u90a3\u91cc\u53bb\u4e70\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u91c7\u8bbf\u738b\u5fd7\u5e73<\/p>\n

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\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2011\u5e745\u67084\u65e5<\/p>\n

\u91c7\u8bbf\u5730\u70b9\uff1a\u738b\u5fd7\u5e73\u5bb6<\/p>\n

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